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A homolog of  MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1  ( MFT ) was isolated from  Hevea   brasiliensis  and its biological function was investigated. Protein multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that  HbMFT1  conserved critical amino acid residues to distinguish MFT, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1)-like proteins and showed a closer genetic relationship to the  MFT -like group. The accumulation of  HbMFT1  was generally detected in various tissues except pericarps, with the highest expression in embryos and relatively higher expression in roots and stems of seedlings, flowering inflorescences, and male and female flowers.  HbMFT1  putative promoter analysis showed that tissue-specific, environmental change responsive and hormone-signaling responsive elements were generally present.  HbMFT1  was strongly induced under a short-day condition at 28 °C, with the highest expression after the onset of a day. Overexpression of  HbMFT1  inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, and flowering in transgenic  Arabidopsis . The qRT-PCR further confirmed that  APETALA1  ( AP1 ) and  FRUITFULL  ( FUL ) were drastically down-regulated in 35S:: HbMFT1  plants. A histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay showed that HbMFT1::GUS activity was mainly detected in stamens and mature seeds coinciding with its original expression and notably induced in rosette leaves and seedlings of transgenic  Arabidopsis  by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) due to the presence of ABA  cis -elements in  HbMFT1  promoter. These results suggested that  HbMFT1  was mainly involved in maintenance of seed maturation and stamen development, but negatively controlled germination, growth and development of seedlings and flowering. In addition, the  HbMFT1  promoter can be utilized in controlling transgene expression in stamens and seeds of rubber tree or other plant species.

Identification, Functional Study, and Promoter Analysis of HbMFT1, a Homolog of MFT from Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)