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In mammals, leptin has been demonstrated to perform important roles in many physiological activities and to influence development, growth, metabolism and reproduction. However, in fish, its function is still unclear. Duplicate leptin genes, leptin-a and leptin-b, have been identified in the orange-spotted grouper. In the present study, the polymorphisms in the leptin-b gene of the orange-spotted grouper were detected, and the relation between these polymorphisms and 12 growth traits were analyzed. Six polymorphisms (including 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.14G&gt;A, c.93A&gt;G, c.149G&gt;A) in exon 1, 2 SNPs (c.181A&gt;G, c.193G&gt;A) in intron 1, and 1 SNP (c.360C&gt;T) in exon 2) were identified and genotyped from 200 different individuals. The results revealed that the SNP c.149G&gt;A was significantly associated with growth traits, that the heterozygous mutation genotype GA having negative effects on growth traits. However, the other five SNPs (c.14G&gt;A, c.93A&gt;G, c.181A&gt;G, c.193G&gt;A, c.360C&gt;T) did not show significant associations with all the growth traits. Compared with our findings in leptin-a gene, the results suggested that the leptin-a hormone has more important physiological effects in fish bodies than the leptin-b type. Moreover, leptin genes were supposed to be one class of major candidate genes of regulating growth traits in the orange-spotted grouper.

Polymorphisms of Leptin-b Gene Associated with Growth Traits in Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)