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Speeding up the promotion and application of bio-fuel ethanol was a national strategy in China, which in turn affected changes in the raw material planting structure. This study analyzed the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus forms in water bodies and the soil of the typical maize and cassava fuel ethanol raw material planting areas. The results revealed that the maize planting area faced more serious TN and TP pollution. The river pollution was greatly affected by TN, TP, Ex-P and Fe/Al-P in soil, while soil TN and NO3−-N were the main factors influencing its counterpart. Furthermore, the risk assessment of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss was carried out based on planting structures of crops. We investigated whether the water quality indexes or soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss risk assessment results showed that the Yujiang River stayed significantly less polluted. It was proven that the cassava planting area was more suitable for vigorously developing fuel ethanol. As for the high-risk areas, ecological agriculture promoting and fertilizer controlling measures were suggested. Under the change of the fuel-ethanol policy, this study could provide scientific support for the assessment of the impact of the Chinese national fuel ethanol policy on the water environment of the raw material planting area.

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Agricultural Land Use Non-Point Source Pollution in Typical Biofuel Ethanol Planting Areas