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Surgical interventions are performed as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment in Uzbekistan in 10-12% of diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients. In this study among patients with respiratory TB who had surgical interventions in Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Centre of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of Uzbekistan (RSSPMCPP) from January to May 2017, we describe (i) reasons and types of surgical intervention, (ii) post-surgical complications, (iii) histological diagnosis before and after surgery, and (iv) treatment outcomes. There were 101 patients included in the analysis (mean age 36 years; 51% male; 71% lived in rural areas). The main indications for surgical intervention included pulmonary tuberculoma (40%), fibrocavitary, or cavernous pulmonary TB (23%) and massive hemoptysis (20%). Pulmonary resections were the most frequent surgical procedures: segmentectomy (41%), lobectomy or bilobectomy (19%), and combined resection (17%). Ten patients (9%) suffered post-surgery complications. According to histological examination after surgery, TB was confirmed in 81 (80%) patients. For the other 20 patients, the confirmed diagnoses were: lung cancer ( n = 6), echinococcosis ( n = 5), post-TB fibrosis ( n = 5), non-tuberculous pleurisy ( n = 2), hamartoma ( n = 1), and pneumonia ( n = 1). The majority of patients (94%), who underwent surgery, were considered successfully treated. In conclusion, adjunctive surgical therapy can be an option for TB treatment, especially in cases of complicated TB.

Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Tuberculosis Receiving Adjunctive Surgery in Uzbekistan