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Background : Flexion-rotation test predominantly measures rotation in C1-2 segment. Restriction in flexion-rotation may be due to direct limitation in C1-2, but also to a premature tightening of the alar ligament as a result of lack of movement in C0-1 or C2-3. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a 20-min single cervical exercise session, with or without manual therapy of C0-1 and C2-3 segment in flexion-rotation test, in patients with chronic neck pain and positive flexion-rotation test. Methods : Randomized controlled clinical trial in 48 subjects (24 manual therapy+exercise/24 exercise). Range of motion and pain during flexion-rotation test, neck pain intensity and active cervical range of motion were measured before and after the intervention. Results : Significant differences were found in favour of the manual therapy group in the flexion-rotation test: right ( p &lt; 0.001) and left rotation ( p &lt; 0.001); pain during the flexion-rotation test: right ( p &lt; 0.001) and left rotation ( p &lt; 0.001); neck pain intensity: ( p &lt; 0.001); cervical flexion ( p &lt; 0.038), extension ( p &lt; 0.010), right side-bending ( p &lt; 0.035), left side-bending ( p &lt; 0.002), right rotation ( p &lt; 0.001), and left rotation ( p &lt; 0.006). Conclusions : Addition of one C0-C1 and C2-C3 manual therapy session to cervical exercise can immediately improve flexion-rotation test and cervical range of motion and reduce pain intensity.

international journal of environmental  research and public health/international journal of environmental research and public health

Effects of the Manual Therapy Approach of Segments C0-1 and C2-3 in the Flexion-Rotation Test in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial