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Microsensors were applied to study the diffusion reaction and activity of a nitrogen species of deposit sediment from a drinking water supply system. Microprofiles of dissolved oxygen (DO), NH 4  + -N, NO 3  - -N, and NO 2  - N in the sediment indicated that the DO concentration decreased from the highest at the sediment surface to zero at the bottom of the sediment. Similarly, with the increase of depth, NH 4  + -N initially increased rapidly and then decreased slowly, while the concentration of NO 3  - -N reached a maximum at around 6000 μm and then decreased to about 0.1 mg·L -1 near the bottom of the sediment. Almost no change was observed for NO 2  - -N. The decrease of NH 4  + -N and DO corresponded well with the increase of NO 3  - -N. Furthermore, based on a consumption and production rate analysis, DO has always been consumed; the NH 4  + -N consumption rate increased rapidly within 0-1000 μm, reaching about 14 mg·L -  1 ·S -  1 ·10 -  9 . A small amount of NH 4  + -N was produced in 2000-6000 μm, which could be attributed to denitrification activity. There was no change deeper than 6000 μm, while NO 3  - -N was produced at a depth between 0 and 6000 μm and was consumed in the deeper zone. At the depth of 9000 μm, the NO 3  - -N consumption reached a maximum of 5 mg·L -  1 ·S -  1 ·10 -  9 . The consumption of DO and NH 4  + -N, which corresponded with the production of NO 3  - -N in a specific microscale range within the sediment, demonstrated nitrification and denitrification activities. In addition, the time required for the diffusion of only DO, NH 4  + -N, NO 3  - -N, and NO 2  - -N was estimated as 14 days; however, in the practical, even after 60 days of operation, there was still a continuous reaction, which provided further evidence towards microbial activities within the sediment.

international journal of environmental  research and public health/international journal of environmental research and public health

Chloramine Disinfection-Induced Nitrification Activities and Their Potential Public Health Risk Indications within Deposits of a Drinking Water Supply System