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Child injury is not new to medical science and public health, but the professions have been slow to recognize opportunities for prevention. Historically, examples of treating cases of head and foot injuries can be found on papyrus dating back to 1600 BC, and Hippocrates studied wounds and fractures, and their causes, as far back as 500 BC [3]. Modest public health and environmental efforts addressing child injuries began in the 1940s and 1950s, but it was not until the 1960s that concentrated efforts in the U.S. and elsewhere were made to collect and use data, formulate policies, and implement best practices to reduce childhood injuries [4,5].  Injury epidemiology and prevention research have recognized the growing burden of childhood injury, but it has taken them a long time to address it. Glied [6] provided data from Medline about the increase in the production of research articles in the United States. Glied found that the annual number of publications grew from an average of 19.1 during the period of 1966–1975, to 58.4 during the period 1993–1997. Publications on childhood injury steadily grew in both the number of articles published per year and as a proportion of all publications on children’s issues during that 31-year period.  Since that time, publications of research articles, books, and commentaries on child injury and prevention have mushroomed. According to a recent analysis of annual publication in infant, child and adolescent child injury conducted by Lawrence [7] using the SafetyLit database of citations not listed in Medline [8], he uncovered a total of 55,467 publications from 1966–2017, and 26,648 publications from 1966–1997 compared with Glied’s 187 publications during the same period (1966–1997). Despite what might be a gross underestimate of annual publications by Glied (the inclusion and exclusion criteria may have been different), it is clear that the topic of child and adolescent injuries has become increasingly popular during the past 50 years.  The current compilation complements two recent special issues of IJERPH on child injury [9,10] that focus on the ways child injury has emerged as a public health concern, and a recent special issue on child injury in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology [11] focusing on child psychology and injury. These Special Issues along with the current one, further illustrate the growth and interest in addressing the prevention of child injury.

The Global Challenge of Child Injury Prevention