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Controlled release urea (CRU) is considered to enhance crop yields while alleviating negative environmental problems caused by the hazardous gas emissions that are associated with high concentrations of ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃ - ) in black soils. Short-term effects of sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and polyurethane-coated urea (PCU), compared with conventional urea, on NO₃ - and NH₄⁺ in black soils were studied through the buried bag experiment conducted in an artificial climate chamber. We also investigated nitrogen (N) release kinetics of CRU and correlations between the cumulative N release rate and concentrations of NO₃ - and NH₄⁺. CRU can reduce concentrations of NO₃ - and NH₄⁺, and PCU was more effective in maintaining lower soil NO₃ - /NH₄⁺ ratios than SCU and U. Parabolic equation could describe the kinetics of NO₃ - and NH₄⁺ treated with PCU. The Elovich equation could describe the kinetics of NO₃ - and NH₄⁺ treated with SCU. The binary linear regression model was established to predict N release from PCU because of significant correlations between the cumulative N release rate and concentrations of NO₃ - and NH₄⁺. These results provided a methodology and data support for characterizing and predicting the N release from PCU in black soils.

Evaluation of Controlled Release Urea on the Dynamics of Nitrate, Ammonium, and Its Nitrogen Release in Black Soils of Northeast China