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Bivalves have been shown to be carriers of the human intestinal parasites  Cryptosporidium parvum  and  Toxoplasma gondii . The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of protozoan parasites in mollusks of New York City using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. Four species of mollusks,  Mya arenaria, Geukensia demissa, Crassostrea virginica , and  Mytilis edulis , were collected from Orchard Beach, NY in the fall of 2014, totaling 159 specimens. Each individual mollusk was dissected to harvest the digestive gland, the mantle, the gills, the foot and the siphon. The tissues were assayed for the presence of  Cryptosporidium parvum ,  Giardia lamblia , and  Toxoplasma gondii  DNA by using primers that target parasite-specific genes.  C. parvum  was found at a prevalence of 50%, 11.3%, and 1%, respectively, in  Mya arenaria ,  G. demissa , and  Mytilis edulis .  C. parvum  DNA was detected in all the tissues of these bivalve species, except the gills. Furthermore,  G. lamblia  was detected in  Mya arenaria ,  G. demissa ,  Crassostrea virginica  and  Mytilis edulis  at a prevalence of 37.5%, 4.5%, 60%, and 20.6%, respectively, while  T. gondii  DNA was not detected.

Assessment and Molecular Characterization of Human Intestinal Parasites in Bivalves from Orchard Beach, NY, USA