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Photorespiration results in a large amount of leaf photosynthesis consumption. However, there are few studies on the response of photorespiration to multi-factors. In this study, a machine learning model for the photorespiration rate of cucumber leaves’ response to multi-factors was established. It provides a theoretical basis for studies related to photorespiration. Machine learning models of different methods were designed and compared. The photorespiration rate was expressed as the difference between the photosynthetic rate at 2% O2 and 21% O2 concentrations. The results show that the XGBoost models had the best fit performance with an explained variance score of 0.970 for both photosynthetic rate datasets measured using air and 2% O2, with mean absolute errors of 0.327 and 0.181, root mean square errors of 1.607 and 1.469, respectively, and coefficients of determination of 0.970 for both. In addition, this study indicates the importance of the features of temperature, humidity and the physiological status of the leaves for predicted results of photorespiration. The model established in this study performed well, with high accuracy and generalization ability. As a preferable exploration of the research on photorespiration rate simulation, it has theoretical significance and application prospects.

A Machine Learning Model for Photorespiration Response to Multi-Factors