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Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19-64 years) and 629 elderly (65-89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash ( p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run ( p &lt; 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups ( p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels ( p &gt; 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.

Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly