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(1) Background: Although the beneficial impacts of primary care on patients’ health outcomes have been reported, it is still difficult to limit patients’ herd behavior in seeking tertiary or large hospital services in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of primary care clinics was longitudinally beneficial for mild diabetes. (2) Methods: Using claims data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) program, this population-based retrospective cohort study compared health outcomes over a 4-year period from 2011 to 2015 by type of health care institution as a usual source of care in diabetic patients who were newly diagnosed in 2011, i.e., without any diagnosis between 2005 and 2010. (3) Results: Compared to those attending hospitals, general hospitals (GHs), or tertiary general hospitals (TGHs), patients who visited primary clinics were more likely to experience better health outcomes such as the lower risk of hospitalization and death. (4) Conclusions: These results provide additional evidence that higher-value from primary care clinics would be highly expected for early and mild type 2 diabetics. Promoting the Informed, patient-centered decision toward primary care clinics would contribute to improving the value of the healthcare delivery system.

Comparison of Health Outcomes by Care Provider Type for Newly Diagnosed Mild Type 2 Diabetes Patients in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study