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The Betic Ophiolites consist of numerous tectonic slices, metric to kilometric in size,\udof eclogitized mafic and ultramafic rocks associated to oceanic metasediments, deriving from the Betic\udoceanic domain. The outcrop of these ophiolites is aligned along 250 km in the Mulhacén Complex\udof the Nevado-Filábride Domain, located at the center-eastern zone of the Betic Cordillera (SE\udSpain). According to petrological/geochemical inferences and SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution\udIon Micro-Probe) dating of igneous zircons, the Betic oceanic lithosphere originated along an\udultra-slow mid-ocean ridge, after rifting, thinning and breakup of the preexisting continental crust.\udThe Betic oceanic sector, located at the westernmost end of the Tethys Ocean, developed from the\udLower to Middle Jurassic (185–170 Ma), just at the beginning of the Pangaea break-up between\udthe Iberia-European and the Africa-Adrian plates. Subsequently, the oceanic spreading migrated\udnortheastward to form the Ligurian and Alpine Tethys oceans, from 165 to 140 Ma. Breakup and\udoceanization isolated continental remnants, known as the Mesomediterranean Terrane, which were\uddeformed and affected by the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Eo-Alpine high-pressure metamorphic\udevent, due to the intra-oceanic subduction of the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere and the related\udcontinental margins. This process was followed by the partial exhumation of the subducted oceanic\udrocks onto their continental margins, forming the Betic and Alpine Ophiolites. Subsequently, along\udthe Upper Oligocene and Miocene, the deformed and metamorphosed Mesomediterranean Terrane\udwas dismembered into different continental blocks collectively known as AlKaPeCa microplate\ud(Alboran, Kabylian, Peloritan and Calabrian). In particular, the Alboran block was displaced\udtoward the SW to occupy its current setting between the Iberian and African plates, due to the\udNeogene opening of the Algero-Provençal Basin. During this translation, the different domains of\udthe Alboran microplate, forming the Internal Zones of the Betic and Rifean Cordilleras, collided\udwith the External Zones representing the Iberian and African margins and, together with them,\udunderwent the later alpine deformation and metamorphism, characterized by local differences of P-T\ud(Pressure-Temperature) conditions. These Neogene metamorphic processes, known as Meso-Alpine\udand Neo-Alpine events, developed in the Nevado-Filábride Domain under Ab-Ep amphibolite and\udgreenschists facies conditions, respectively, causing retrogradation and intensive deformation of the\udEo-Alpine eclogites.This research was funded by Project CGL2009-12369 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and\udInnovation, co-financed with FEDER funds, and by Research Group RNM 333 of Junta de Andalucía (Spain)Peer reviewe

The Betic Ophiolites and the Mesozoic Evolution of the Western Tethys