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The Sn-W Panasqueira mine, in activity since the mid-1890s, is one of the mostimportant economic deposits in the world. Arsenopyrite is the main mineral present as wellas rejected waste sulphide. The long history is testified by the presence of a huge amountof tailings, which release considerable quantities of heavy metal(loid)s into theenvironment. This work assesses soil contamination and evaluates the ecological andhuman health risks due to exposure to hazardous materials. The metal assemblageidentified in soil (Ag-As-Bi-Cd-Cu-W-Zn; potentially toxic elements (PTEs)) reflects theinfluence of the tailings, due to several agents including aerial dispersion. PTEs and pHdisplay a positive correlation confirming that heavy metal mobility is directly related to pHand, therefore, affects their availability. The estimated contamination factor classified92.6% of soil samples as moderately to ultra-highly polluted. The spatial distribution of thepotential ecological risk index classified the topsoil as being of a very high ecological risk,consistent with wind direction. Non-carcinogenic hazard of topsoil, for children (1–6 years),showed that for As the non-carcinogenic hazard represents a high health risk. Thecarcinogenic risks, both for children and adult alike, reveal a very high cancer risk mostlydue to As ingestion.This research is financially supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grantsSFRH/BD/63349/2009)

geosciences

Identifying Sources and Assessing Potential Risk of Exposure to Heavy Metals and Hazardous Materials in Mining Areas: The Case Study of Panasqueira Mine (Central Portugal) as an Example