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Previous studies suggest that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP&amp;beta;) play an essential role in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) for mammalian follicular development. Several C/EBP&amp;beta; putative binding sites were previously predicted on the STAT3 promoter in mammals. However, the molecular regulation of C/EBP&amp;beta; on STAT3 and their effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis remain virtually unexplored in GCs. Using porcine GCs as a model, the 5&amp;prime;-deletion, luciferase report assay, mutation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Annexin-V/PI staining and EdU assays were applied to investigate the molecular mechanism for C/EBP&amp;beta; regulating the expression of STAT3 and their effects on the cell proliferation and apoptosis ability. We found that over and interfering with the expression of C/EBP&amp;beta; significantly increased and decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of STAT3 , respectively. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that C/EBP&amp;beta; directly bound at &amp;minus;1397/&amp;minus;1387 of STAT3 to positively regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of STAT3 . Both C/EBP&amp;beta; and STAT3 were observed to inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, C/EBP&amp;beta; might enhance the antiapoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of STAT3 . These results would be of great insight in further exploring the molecular mechanism of C/EBP&amp;beta; and STAT3 on the function of GCs and the development of ovarian follicles in mammals.

C/EBPβ Promotes STAT3 Expression and Affects Cell Apoptosis and Proliferation in Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells