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Circadian clocks integrate environmental cues with endogenous signals to coordinate physiological outputs. Clock genes in plants are involved in many physiological and developmental processes, such as photosynthesis, stomata opening, stem elongation, light signaling, and floral induction. Many  Brassicaceae  family plants, including Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa  ssp.  pekinensis ), produce a unique glucosinolate (GSL) secondary metabolite, which enhances plant protection, facilitates the design of functional foods, and has potential medical applications (e.g., as antidiabetic and anticancer agents). The levels of GSLs change diurnally, suggesting a connection to the circadian clock system. We investigated whether circadian clock genes affect the biosynthesis of GSLs in  Brassica rapa  using RNAi-mediated suppressed transgenic  Brassica rapa   GIGENTEA  homolog ( BrGI  knockdown; hereafter GK1) Chinese cabbage.  GIGANTEA  plays an important role in the plant circadian clock system and is related to various developmental and metabolic processes. Using a validated GK1 transgenic line, we performed RNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. The transcript levels of many GSL pathway genes were significantly altered in GK1 transgenic plants. In addition, GSL contents were substantially reduced in GK1 transgenic plants. We report that the  BrGI  circadian clock gene is required for the biosynthesis of GSLs in Chinese cabbage plants.

The BrGI Circadian Clock Gene Is Involved in the Regulation of Glucosinolates in Chinese Cabbage