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Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution is associated with quantitative deficits of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in humans. Related exposures of mice to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 (CAP) likewise reduces levels of circulating EPCs and induces defects in their proliferation and angiogenic potential as well. These changes in EPC number or function are predictive of larger cardiovascular dysfunction. To identify global, PM 2.5 -dependent mRNA and miRNA expression changes that may contribute to these defects, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of cells isolated from exposed mice. Compared with control samples, we identified 122 upregulated genes and 44 downregulated genes in EPCs derived from CAP-exposed animals. Functions most impacted by these gene expression changes included regulation of cell movement, cell and tissue development, and cellular assembly and organization. With respect to miRNA changes, we found that 55 were upregulated while 53 were downregulated in EPCs from CAP-exposed mice. The top functions impacted by these miRNA changes included cell movement, cell death and survival, cellular development, and cell growth and proliferation. A subset of these mRNA and miRNA changes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, including some reciprocal relationships. These results suggest that PM 2.5 -induced changes in gene expression may contribute to EPC dysfunction and that such changes may contribute to the adverse cardiovascular outcomes of air pollution exposure.

Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Alters mRNA and miRNA Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Mice