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The Bursaphelenchus mucronatus , which was highly similar with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in terms of morphological characteristics and biological properties-but had weaker pathogenicity to forests-was a native species often displaced by B. xylophilus when occupying the same niche. Since the draft genome of the invasive B. xylophilus has been published, the absence of a reference genome of B. mucronatus still prevents us from understanding the molecular evidences behind competitive displacement. In this study, we employed Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and a Hi-C scaffolding approach to yield a near chromosome-level assembly of B. mucronatus , including six pseudo-chromosomes. The assembly size is 73 Mb, with scaffold N50 of 11.50 Mb and contig N50 of 1.48 Mb. Comparative genomics results showed high similarity between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus . However, the losing of orphan genes and species-specific orthologous genes in B. mucronatus may indicate weaker adaptability to the environment. The gene family contractions of GPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors) and cellulases in B. mucronatus may jointly contribute to its displacement by B. xylophilus . Overall, we introduced a valuable genomic resource for molecular and evolutionary studies of B. mucronatus , especially for studying the competitive displacement by the pinewood nematode, which could help us control the pathogenicity of pine wilt diseases.

A Reference Genome of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Provides New Resources for Revealing Its Displacement by Pinewood Nematode