English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Vavilovia formosa  is a relict leguminous plant growing in hard-to-reach habitats in the rocky highlands of the Caucasus and Middle East, and it is considered as the putative closest living relative of the last common ancestor (LCA) of the Fabeae tribe. Symbionts of  Vavilovia  belonging to  Rhizobium leguminosarum  bv.  viciae  compose a discrete group that differs from the other strains, especially in the nucleotide sequences of the symbiotically specialised ( sym ) genes. Comparison of the genomes of  Vavilovia  strains with the reference group composed of  R. leguminosarum  bv.  viciae  strains isolated from  Pisum  and  Vicia  demonstrated that the vavilovia strains have a set of genomic features, probably indicating the important stages of microevolution of the symbiotic system. Specifically, symbionts of  Vavilovia  (considered as an ancestral group) demonstrated a scattered arrangement of  sym  genes (>90 kb cluster on p Sym ), with the location of  nod T gene outside of the other  nod  operons, the presence of  nod X and  fix W, and the absence of chromosomal  fix NOPQ copies. In contrast, the reference (derived) group harboured  sym  genes as a compact cluster (<60 kb) on a single p Sym , lacking  nod X and  fix W, with  nod T between  nod N and  nod O, and possessing chromosomal  fix NOPQ copies. The TOM strain, obtained from nodules of the primitive “Afghan” peas, occupied an intermediate position because it has the chromosomal  fix NOPQ copy, while the other features, the most important of which is presence of  nod X and  fix W, were similar to the  Vavilovia  strains. We suggest that genome evolution from the ancestral to the derived  R. leguminosarum  bv.  viciae  groups follows the “gain-and-loss of  sym  genes” and the “compaction of  sym  cluster” strategies, which are common for the macro-evolutionary and micro-evolutionary processes. The revealed genomic features are in concordance with a relict status of the vavilovia strains, indicating that  V. formosa  coexists with ancestral microsymbionts, which are presumably close to the LCA of  R. leguminosarum  bv.  viciae .

Search for Ancestral Features in Genomes of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strains Isolated from the Relict Legume Vavilovia formosa