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Our initial RNA sequencing work identified that lipin 1 ( LPIN1 ) was differentially expressed during dry period, early lactation, and peak of lactation in dairy cows, and it was enriched into the fat metabolic Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways, thus we considered LPIN1 as the candidate gene for milk production traits. In this study, we detected the polymorphisms of LPIN1 and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition in a Chinese Holstein cow population. We found seven SNPs by re-sequencing the entire coding region and partial flanking region of LPIN1 , including one in 5' flanking region, four in exons, and two in 3' flanking region. Of these, four SNPs, c.637T &gt; C, c.708A &gt; G, c.1521C &gt; T, and c.1555A &gt; C, in the exons were predicted to result in the amino acid replacements. With the Haploview 4.2, we found that seven SNPs in LPIN1 formed two haplotype blocks (D' = 0.98-1.00). Single-SNP association analyses showed that SNPs were significantly associated with milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, or protein yield in the first or second lactation ( p = &lt; 0.0001-0.0457), and only g.86049389C &gt; T was strongly associated with protein percentage in both lactations ( p = 0.0144 and 0.0237). The haplotype-based association analyses showed that the two haplotype blocks were significantly associated with milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, or protein percentage ( p = &lt; 0.0001-0.0383). By quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that LPIN1 had relatively high expression in mammary gland and liver tissues. Furthermore, we predicted three SNPs, c.637T &gt; C, c.708A &gt; G, and c.1521C &gt; T, using SOPMA software, changing the LPIN1 protein structure that might be potential functional mutations. In summary, we demonstrated the significant genetic effects of LPIN1 on milk production traits, and the identified SNPs could serve as genetic markers for dairy breeding.

Genetic Effects of LPIN1 Polymorphisms on Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle