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Fractional-order chaotic oscillators (FOCOs) have shown more complexity than integer-order chaotic ones. However, the majority of electronic implementations were performed using embedded systems; compared to analog implementations, they require huge hardware resources to approximate the solution of the fractional-order derivatives. In this manner, we propose the design of FOCOs using fractional-order integrators based on operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The case study shows the implementation of FOCOs by cascading first-order OTA-based filters designed with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The OTAs have programmable transconductance, and the robustness of the fractional-order integrator is verified by performing process, voltage and temperature variations as well as Monte Carlo analyses for a CMOS technology of 180 nm from the United Microelectronics Corporation. Finally, it is highlighted that post-layout simulations are in good agreement with the simulations of the mathematical model of the FOCO.

CMOS OTA-Based Filters for Designing Fractional-Order Chaotic Oscillators