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This research, developed within an exchange program between Italy and Canada, represents the first step of a three-year project intended to evaluate the potential of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from Italian and Canadian dairy products to select a consortium of strains to be used as biocontrol agents in Crescenza and Cheddar cheese production. In this framework, the acidification and the production of nisin in milk, and the volatile molecule profiles of the fermented milk, were recorded. The strains were further tested for their anti- Listeria monocytogenes activity in milk. The data obtained highlighted good potential for some of the tested strains, which showed production of nisin beginning within 12 h after the inoculation and reaching maximum levels between 24 and 48 h. The highest inactivation levels of L. monocytogenes in milk was reached in the presence of the strains 101877/1, LBG2, 9FS16, 11FS16, 3LC39, FBG1P, UL36, UL720, UL35. The strains generated in milk-specific volatile profiles and differences in the presence of fundamental aromatic molecules of dairy products, such as 2-butanone and diacetyl. The results highlight the interesting potential of some L. lactis strains, the producer of nisin, to be further used as biocontrol agents, although the strains need to be tested for interaction with traditional thermophilic starters and tested in real cheesemaking conditions.

Unravelling the Potential of Lactococcus lactis Strains to Be Used in Cheesemaking Production as Biocontrol Agents