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Development of phage-resistant probiotic particularly  Lactobacillus  is an alternative approach to enhance their beneficial effects as in animal feed supplements. In this study, we developed phage-resistant  Lactobacillus plantarum  (LP  +PR  ) mutant and compared their antimicrobial effects and probiotic potential against zoonotic bacterial pathogens including  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhimurium, enterohemorrhagic  Escherichia coli  (EHEC),  Staphylococcus aureus , and  Listeria monocytogenes  with phage-sensitive  L. plantarum  (LP) strain. LP  +PR   strain showed markedly higher growth rate than wild-type LP strain. In co-culture with LP  +PR   and in the presence of cell-free cultural supernatants (CFCSs) of LP  +PR  , the growth of  S.  Typhimurium, EHEC,  S. aureus , and  L. monocytogenes  were reduced significantly ( P  < 0.05). The adhesion ability of LP  +PR   was slightly higher than the LP on human epithelial INT-407 cells. Most importantly, LP  +PR   strain significantly inhibited the adhesive and invasive abilities of all four zoonotic pathogens to INT-407 cells ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, real-time qPCR revealed that in the presence of LP  +PR   strain or its CFCSs, expression of virulence genes of these zoonotic bacterial pathogens were suppressed significantly ( P  < 0.05). These findings suggest that the LP  +PR   strain is capable of inhibiting major zoonotic bacterial pathogens efficiently and would be a potential candidate for industrial usage in animal production or fermentation.

Antimicrobial Effect and Probiotic Potential of Phage Resistant Lactobacillus plantarum and its Interactions with Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens