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Stryphnodendron rotundifolium  Mart., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is a plant species traditionally used by topical and oral routes for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Considering the well-described antioxidant properties of this species, this study investigated the protective effects of its keto-aqueous extract using an in vitro model of iron overload. Phenolic compounds were quantified and identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ( UPLC–ESI-qTOF-MS/MS ) in positive and negative ions mode analysis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed following the iron-chelating–reducing capacity and deoxyribose degradation (2-DR) protection methods. The analysis identified condensed tannins (54.8 mg catechin/g dry fraction (DF), polyphenols (25 mg gallic acid/g DF), and hydrolyzable tannins (28.8 mg tannic acid/g DF). Among the constituents, prodelphinidin, procyanidin, and prorobinetinidine were isolated and identified. The extract significantly protected 2-DR degradation induced by Fe 2+  (72% protection) or  • OH (43% protection). The  ortho -phenanthroline test revealed Fe 2+ -chelating and Fe 3+ -reducing activities of 93% and 84%, respectively. A preliminary toxicological analysis using  Artemia salina  revealed mortality below 10%, at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity under the present experimental conditions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that  Stryphnodendron rotundifolium  is a source of antioxidant compounds with the potential to be used in drug development in the context of iron overload disorders, which remains to be further investigated in vivo.

Antioxidant Activity of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. Stem Bark Fraction in an Iron Overload Model