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Xylitol is an industrially important chemical due to its commercial applications. The use of xylitol as a sweetener as well as its utilization in biomedical applications has made it a high value specialty chemical. Although several species of yeast synthesize xylitol, this review focusses on the species of the genus Candida. The importance of the enzyme xylitol reductase present in Candida species as it relates to their ability to synthesize xylitol was examined. Another focus of this work was to review prior studies examining the ability of the Candida species to synthesize xylitol effectively from hydrolysates of agricultural residues and grasses. An advantage of utilizing such a hydrolysate as a substrate for yeast xylitol production would be decreasing the overall cost of synthesizing xylitol. The intent of this review was to learn if such hydrolysates could substitute for xylose as a substrate for the yeast when producing xylitol. In addition, a comparison of xylitol production by Candida species should indicate which hydrolysate of agricultural residues and grasses would be the best substrate for xylitol production. From studies analyzing previous hydrolysates of agricultural residues and grasses, it was concluded that a hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse supported the highest level of xylitol by Candida species, although corncob hydrolysates also supported significant yeast xylitol production. It was also concluded that fewer studies examined yeast xylitol production on hydrolysates of grasses and that further research on grasses may provide hydrolysates with a higher xylose content, which could support greater yeast xylitol production.

Xylitol Production by Candida Species from Hydrolysates of Agricultural Residues and Grasses