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Elucidating the genetic mechanisms associated with the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in the rubber tree has great importance for both theoretical guidance and practical application to yield genetic improvement. At present, many transcription factors, including those that belong to the MADS-box gene family, have been revealed to have roles in regulating the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. However, to the best of our knowledge, the Mad-box gene family from H. brasiliensis Mull. Arg. has not been characterized in detail. To investigate members of the HbMADS-box gene family associated with floral organ and inflorescence development in H. brasiliensis, we performed genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family related to flower development in H. brasiliensis, and a total of 20 MADS-box genes were newly identified in the H. brasiliensis genome. Expression profiling revealed that HbMad-box genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, which indicated that HbMad-box genes may exert different functions throughout the life cycle. Additionally, 12 genes (HbSEP, HbAGL9.1, HbAGL9.2, HbCMB1, HbCMB1-L, HbAGL6, HbAGL8, HbAP1, HbAG, HbDEFL, HbTT16, and HbPADS2) were found to be associated with the differentiation of flower buds and may be involved in flower development in H. brasiliensis. All of these floral-enriched HbMADS-box genes were regulated by hormone, salt, cold, high-temperature, and drought stresses. The present study is the first to carry out the genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family related to flower development in H. brasiliensis, and 20 new HbMad-box genes were identified in H. brasiliensis. Most of the newly identified HbMad-box genes were found to be associated with the differentiation of flower buds and may be involved in flower development in H. brasiliensis. Our results demonstrated that HbMad-box genes may be multifunctional regulators that have roles in distinct aspects of development, and are mainly involved in the maintenance of floral organ and inflorescence development.

forests

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of MADS-box Family Genes Related to Floral Organ Development and Stress Resistance in Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.