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Experiments were performed with a large laboratory-scale high solidity cross-flow turbine to investigate Reynolds number effects on performance and wake characteristics and to establish scale thresholds for physical and numerical modeling of individual devices and arrays. It was demonstrated that the performance of the cross-flow turbine becomes essentiallyRe-independent at a Reynolds number based on the rotor diameterReD≈106or an approximate average Reynolds number based on the blade chord lengthRec≈2×105. A simple model that calculates the peak torque coefficient from static foil data and cross-flow turbine kinematics was shown to be a reasonable predictor for Reynolds number dependence of an actual cross-flow turbine operating under dynamic conditions. Mean velocity and turbulence measurements in the near-wake showed subtle differences over the range ofReinvestigated. However, when transport terms for the streamwise momentum and mean kinetic energy were calculated, a similarRethreshold was revealed. These results imply that physical model studies of cross-flow turbines should achieveReD∼106to properly approximate both the performance and wake dynamics of full-scale devices and arrays

Effects of Reynolds Number on the Energy Conversion and Near-Wake Dynamics of a High Solidity Vertical-Axis Cross-Flow Turbine