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An electric vehicle model is developed to characterize the behavior of theSmart e.d. (2013) while driving, charging and providing vehicle-to-gridservices. The battery model is an electro-thermal model with a dualpolarization equivalent circuit electrical model coupled with a lumped thermalmodel with active liquid cooling. The aging trend of the EV's 50 Ah largeformat pouch cell with NMC chemistry is evaluated via accelerated aging testsin the laboratory. The EV model is completed with the measurement of theon-board charger efficiency and the charging control behavior via IEC 61851-1.Performance of the model is validated using laboratory pack tests, charging anddriving field data. The RMSE of the cell voltage was between 18.49 mV and 67.17mV per cell for the validation profiles. Cells stored at 100 % SOC and 40$^{\circ}C$ reached end-of-life (80 % of initial capacity) after 431 days to589 days. The end-of-life for a cell cycled with 80 % DOD around an SOC of 50 %is reached after 3634 equivalent full cycles which equates to a drivingdistance of over 420000 km. The full parameter set of the model is provided toserve as a resource for vehicle-to-grid strategy development.

A Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Model for Vehicle-to-Grid Strategy Development