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The safety of power batteries has received more and more attention in promoting electric vehicles. The external short circuit is particularly prominent as an abnormal and harmful event of a battery, and the exploration of in-situ low-cost detection technology for such an event is the starting point of this paper. By building an experimental bench that could detect the external short circuit of the battery and obtain the acoustic, electrode, and temperature responses, the resulting acoustic analysis would establish an internal connection with the electrode and temperature measurement when the external short circuit occurs. The respective acoustic response characteristics of different initial battery states of charge were analyzed by selecting appropriate acoustic characteristic parameters in the time and frequency domains. The acoustic measurement could represent the battery abnormality synchronously like the electrode measurement, and the results of the damage and rearrangement of the internal of the battery are easy to characterize through a moderate amplification of the acoustic response. The different initial state of charge (SOC) state reflects noticeable differences in the acoustic characteristics. Therefore, it is considered that the acoustic emission technology might have potential battery condition assessment capabilities and be a tool for in-situ battery fault diagnosis.

Analysis of Acoustic Characteristics under Battery External Short Circuit Based on Acoustic Emission