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With the rapid development of distributed generators (DGs) and increasing power penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs), it is a critical issue for any power system to operate safely and continuously in the presence of uncertainty and variability (i.e., power fluctuations) of generated power and demanded power. The introduction of controllable power generators and power storage devices is dispensable for mitigating this problem. To satisfy the power supply–demand balancing requirement, the power flow assignment is essential under power balance constraint. However, due to the physical power limitation constraints of power generators and loads, capacity limitation of power storage devices, and connection arrangement, it is hard to achieve power balance. In this paper, a system characterization is proposed that describes the relationship between power generators, loads, storage devices and connections among them. The proposed characterization system should be satisfied to guarantee safe operation of a given power flow system by preserving the SOC bounds of storage devices. That is, to have a feasible power flow assignment, there are many issues such as how the power limitations (i.e., maximum and minimum power levels) of power generators and loads must be decided, how large be the capacity of a storage device, and the physical arrangement of connections that must be considered. This paper also shows an optimization problem that consists of optimizing storage capacity, the use of power generators both renewable and non-renewable, and matching with the power demand. Several demonstration scenarios are discussed in this paper for the application and validation of our proposed system characterization.

System Condition for Power Balancing between Fluctuating and Controllable Devices and Optimizing Storage Sizes