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The diversity and degradation capacity of hydrocarbon‐degrading consortia from surface and  deep  waters  of  the  Eastern Mediterranean  Sea  were  studied  in  time‐series  experiments. Microcosms were set up in ONR7a medium at in situ temperatures of 25 °C and 14 °C for the Surface and Deep consortia, respectively, and crude oil as the sole source of carbon. The Deep consortium was additionally investigated at 25 °C to allow the direct comparison of the degradation rates to the Surface consortium. In total, ~50% of the alkanes and ~15% of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded in all treatments by Day 24. Approximately ~95% of the total biodegradation by the Deep consortium took place within 6 days regardless of temperature, whereas comparable levels of degradation were reached on Day 12 by the Surface consortium. Both consortia were dominated by well‐known hydrocarbon‐degrading  taxa. Temperature played  a  significant  role  in  shaping  the Deep  consortia  communities with Pseudomonas  and Pseudoalteromonas dominating  at  25  °C  and Alcanivorax at 14  °C. Overall,  the Deep  consortium  showed a higher efficiency  for hydrocarbon degradation within the first week following contamination, which is critical in the case of oil spills, and thus merits further investigation for its exploitation in bioremediation technologies tailored to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Comparison of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Consortia from Surface and Deep Waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Characterization and Degradation Potential