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To better address the safety issues of a lithium-ion battery, understanding of its internal shorting process is necessary. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) thermal modeling of a 20 Ah lithium-ion polymer battery under an internal shorting process is performed. The electrochemical thermal coupling scheme is considered, and a multi-scale modeling approach is employed. An equivalent circuit model is used for characterizing the subscale electrochemical behaviors. Then, at the cell scale, the electrical potential field and thermal field are resolved. For modeling the internal shorting process, a block of an internal short is directly planted inside the lithium-ion battery. Insights of the temperature evolutions and 3D temperature distributions are drawn from the simulations. The effects of shorting resistance, through-plane thermal conductivity, and mini-channel cold-plate cooling are investigated with the simulations. A large amount of heat generation by a small shorting resistance and highly localized temperature rise are the fundamental thermal features associated with the internal shorting process. The through-plane thermal conductivity plays an important role in the maximum temperature evolutions inside the battery cell, while the external cooling condition has a relatively weak effect. But the cold plate cooling can benefit lithium-ion battery safety by limiting the high temperature area in the internal shorting process through heat spreading.

Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Internal Shorting Process in a 20Ah Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery