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This paper proposes an accurate mathematical model of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters that can accurately represent the midpoint potential drift of the DC link with parameter perturbation. The mathematical relationships between the fluctuation in neutral-point voltage, the parametric perturbation, and the capacitance error are obtained as mathematical expressions in this model. The expressions can be used to quantitatively analyze the reason for the neutral-point voltage imbalance and balancing effect based on a zero-sequence voltage injection. The injected zero-sequence voltage, which can be used to balance the DC-side voltages with the combined action of active current, can be easily obtained from the proposed model. A balancing control under four-quadrant operation modes is proposed by considering the active current to verify the effectiveness of this model. Both the simulation and experiment results validate the excellent performance of the proposed model compared to the conventional model.

A Study on Neutral-Point Potential in Three-Level NPC Converters