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In this article, the performance of an inclined north-south axis (INSA) multiple positions sun-tracked V-trough with restricted reflections for photovoltaic applications (MP-VPVs) is investigated theoretically based on the imaging principle of mirrors, solar geometry, vector algebra and three-dimensional radiation transfer. For such a V-trough photovoltaic module, all incident radiation within the angleθ aarrives on solar cells after less than k reflections, and the azimuth angle of V-trough is daily adjusted M times about INSA to ensure incident solar rays always withinθ ain a day. Calculations and analysis show that two-dimensional sky diffuse radiation can’t reasonably estimate sky diffuse radiation collected by fixed inclined north-south V-trough, but can for MP-VPVs. Results indicate that, the annual power output (Pa) of MP-VPVs in a site is sensitive to the geometry of V-trough and wall reflectivity (ρ), hence given M, k and ρ, a set of optimalθ aand    φ   , the opening angle of V-trough, for maximizing Pa can be found. Calculation results show that the optimalθ ais about 21°, 13.5° and 10° for 3P-, 5P- and 7P-VPV-k/θ a(k = 1 and 2), respectively, and the optimal    φ    for maximizing Pa is about 30° for k = 1 and 21° for k = 2when ρ &gt; 0.8. As compared to similar fixed south-facing PV panels, the increase of annual electricity from MP-VPVs is even larger than the geometric concentration of V-trough for ρ &gt; 0.8 in sites with abundant solar resources, thus attractive for water pumping due to stable power output in a day.

Performance and Design Optimization of a One-Axis Multiple Positions Sun-Tracked V-trough for Photovoltaic Applications