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An optimal design toolbox for hybrid electric vehicles has been developed and applied to three different vehicle segments (a compact vehicle, a small SUV and a medium-size SUV) for two separate power-split hybrid layouts, both equipped with a diesel engine. One layout features a (3gTR) whereas the other lacks of the additional 3-gear transmission. The toolbox combines the optimization of the vehicle design to that of the control strategy and is based on the minimization of the total cost of ownership (TCO) over the vehicle lifetime. The tool still retains the capability of complying with different performance and emission constraints. The identified optimal designs have proved to lead to a reduction of the CO2 emissions by 50 to 55% and to a reduction of the TCO by 9 to 10% if compared to the conventional vehicle. Such results held for all classes of vehicle. A cost-benefit analysis and a break-even analysis have also been carried out. A mileage of 20,000 km/year over an urban driving scenario has turned out to possibly allow the driver to break even in about four years for the SUVs and in about six years for the compact vehicle. Finally, a linear correlation between the TCO and the specifications of the design components has been detected with a mean percentage error of about 0.1%. Such a correlation can be very helpful for vehicle design tasks.

Optimal Design of Power-Split HEVs Based on Total Cost of Ownership and CO2 Emission Minimization