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Binarized neural networks are well suited for FPGA accelerators since their fine-grained architecture allows the creation of custom operators to support low-precision arithmetic operations, and the reduction in memory requirements means that all the network parameters can be stored in internal memory. Although good progress has been made to improve the accuracy of binarized networks, it can be significantly lower than networks where weights and activations have multi-bit precision. In this paper, we address this issue by adaptively choosing the number of frames used during inference, exploiting the high frame rates that binarized neural networks can achieve. We present a novel entropy-based adaptive filtering technique that improves accuracy by varying the system’s processing rate based on the entropy present in the neural network output. We focus on using real data captured with a standard camera rather than using standard datasets that do not realistically represent the artifacts in video stream content. The overall design has been prototyped on the Avnet Zedboard, which achieved 70.4% accuracy with a full processing pipeline from video capture to final classification output, which is 1.9 times better compared to the base static frame rate system. The main feature of the system is that while the classification rate averages a constant 30 fps, the real processing rate is dynamic and varies between 30 and 142 fps, adapting to the complexity of the data. The dynamic processing rate results in better efficiency that simply working at full frame rate while delivering high accuracy.

Entropy-Driven Adaptive Filtering for High-Accuracy and Resource-Efficient FPGA-Based Neural Network Systems