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OpenFlow switches hardware cannot store all the OpenFlow rules due to a limited resource. The rule-caching scheme is one of the best solutions to solve the hardware size limitation. In OpenFlow switches, Multiple Flow Tables (MFTs) provide more flexible flow control than a single table. Exact match and wildcard match are two typical matching methods. The exact match applies to a single flow table and multiple flow tables, but the performance is low under frequently changing traffic. Many commodity switches use Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) to support fast wildcard lookups. Earlier works on wildcard-match rule-caching focus on the dependency problem caused by the overlaps of match fields. Their designs cannot handle the rule-caching problem of MFTs because they are based on a single flow table, instead of the widely used MFTs structure. So, we propose a new design named PipeCache that solves the problem of MFTs rule-caching scheme based on wildcard-match. In our design, we logically split the TCAM resources, and assign them to each flow table according to the size of each flow table. Each flow table will cache the selected rules into their assigned TCAM resources and be updated in time by our algorithms to make the most use of the limited TCAM resources. We compare our structure with the exact-match scheme and the wildcard-match scheme based on a single flow table under different cache sizes and traffic localities. Experiment results show that our design PipeCache improves cache hit rate by up to 18.2% compared to the exact-match scheme and by up to 21.2% compared to the wildcard-match scheme based on a single flow table.

PipeCache: High Hit Rate Rule-Caching Scheme Based on Multi-Stage Cache Tables