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Versatile Video Coding (VVC), the latest international video coding standard, has more than twice the compression performance of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) through adopting various coding techniques. The multi-type tree (MTT) block structure offers more advanced flexible block partitioning by allowing the binary tree (BT) and ternary tree (TT) structures, as well as the quadtree (QT) structure. Because VVC selects the optimal block partition by performing encoding on all possible CU partitions, the encoding complexity increases enormously. In this paper, we observe the relationship between block partitions and activity that indicates block texture complexity. Based on experimental observations, we propose an activity-based fast block partitioning decision method to reduce the encoding complexity. The proposed method uses only information of the current block without using the information of neighboring or upper blocks, and also minimizes the dependency on QP. For these reasons, the proposed algorithm is simple and parallelizable. In addition, by utilizing the gradient calculation used in VVC’s ALF, a VVC-friendly fast algorithm was designed. The proposed method consists of two-step decision-making processes. The first step terminates the block partitioning early based on observed posterior probability through the relationship between the block size and activity per sample. Next, the sub-activities of the current block are used to determine the type and direction of partitioning. The experimental results show that in the all-intra configuration, the proposed method can reduce the encoding time of the VVC test model (VTM) by up to 45.15% with 2.80% BD-rate loss.

Activity-Based Block Partitioning Decision Method for Versatile Video Coding