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In this review we investigate several aspects and features of spatial fieldcorrelations for the massless scalar field and the electromagnetic field, bothin stationary and nonstationary conditions, and show how they manifest in two-and many-body static and dynamic dispersion interactions (van der Waals andCasimir-Polder). We initially analyze the spatial field correlations fornoninteracting fields, stressing their nonlocal behavior, and their relation totwo-body dispersion interactions. We then consider how field correlations aremodified by the presence of a field source, such as an atom or in general apolarizable body, firstly in a stationary condition and then in a dynamicalcondition, starting from a nonstationary state. We first evaluate the spatialfield correlation for the electric field in the stationary case, in thepresence of a ground-state or excited-state atom, and then we consider its timeevolution in the case of an initially nonstationary state. We discuss in detailtheir nonlocal features, in both stationary and nonstationary conditions. Wethen explicitly show how the nonlocality of field correlations can manifestitself in van der Waals and Casimir-Polder interactions between atoms, both instatic and dynamic situations. We discuss how this can allow to indirectlyprobe the existence and the properties of nonlocal vacuum field correlations ofthe electromagnetic field, a research subject of strong actual interest, alsoin consequence of recent measurements of spatial field correlations exploitingelectro-optical sampling techniques. The subtle and intriguing relation betweennonlocality and causality is also discussed.

Nonlocal Static and Dynamical Vacuum Field Correlations and Casimir-Polder Interactions