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Protein synthesis is at the core of bottom-up construction of artificial cellular mimics. Intriguingly, several reports have revealed that when a transcription–translation (TX–TL) kit is encapsulated inside lipid vesicles (or water-in-oil droplets), high between-vesicles diversity is observed in terms of protein synthesis rate and yield. Stochastic solute partition can be a major determinant of these observations. In order to verify that the variation of TX–TL components concentration brings about a variation of produced protein rate and yield, here we directly measure the performances of the ‘PURE system’ TX–TL kit variants. We report and share the kinetic traces of the enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) synthesis in bulk aqueous phase, for 27 combinatorial block-variants. The eGFP production is a sensitive function of TX–TL components concentration in the explored concentration range. Providing direct evidence that protein synthesis yield and rate actually mirror the TX–TL composition, this study supports the above-mentioned hypothesis on stochastic solute partition, without excluding, however, the contribution of other factors (e.g., inactivation of components).

Measurement and Numerical Modeling of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Combinatorial Block-Variants of the PURE System