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To investigate the mechanical properties of frozen saline soil, the deep calcareous clay in the Huanghuai mining area was chosen as the research object, and an orthogonal test was carried out to study the true triaxial mechanical properties of frozen saline calcareous clay under the influence of multiple factors. The stress–strain characteristics, strength, and influence trend of salted frozen calcareous clay with different salt content, stress paths, and water content, and the relationships among the above-mentioned factors, were investigated. The analysis of the test results by an orthogonal test revealed the order of importance of the factors that influenced strength. The primary and secondary order of influence σ1 is as follows: confining pressure σ3, water content ω, temperature T, medium principal stress coefficient b, and salt content φ. Under the influence of multiple factors, the strength of frozen soil in the real state is not the result of single factors with independent influences that are then simply superimposed. Instead, the complex interactions of various factors affect strength. The stress path significantly influences the stress–strain relationship of frozen calcareous clay. As the coefficient of the intermediate principal stress b increases, its influence on the strength of salted frozen calcareous clay diminishes, and the optimal principal stress coefficient b = 0.33 maximizes the strength of the specimen. The influence of the moisture content on the strength of the sample is negatively correlated. The effect of different moisture contents on the deformation and failure characteristics of unsaturated saline calcareous clay is not significantly different, and this difference does not exceed 5%.

Experimental Study on True Triaxial Mechanical Properties of Frozen Calcareous Clay under the Influence of Multiple Factors