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Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are able to differentiate into different cell lineages upon stimulation. This ability is closely related to the perfect balance between the pluripotency-related genes, which control stem-cell proliferation, and genes able to orchestrate the appearance of a specific phenotype. Here we studied the expression of stemness-related genes, epigenetic regulators ( DNMT1, SIRT1 ), miRNAs ( miR-145, miR-148 , and miR-185 ) related to stemness, exosomes, the cell-cycle regulators p21 ( WAF1/CIP1 ) and p53 , and the senescence-associated genes ( p16, p19 , and hTERT  ) . Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2-exhausted medium, to evaluate changes in stemness, differentiation capability, and senescence sensibility. Our results showed the overexpression of SIRT1 and reduced levels of p21 mRNA. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of DNMT1 , and a simultaneous overexpression of Oct-4 and c-Myc . These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs are more likely to retain a stem phenotype and sometimes to switch to a highly undifferentiable proliferative-like behavior if treated with medium exhausted by human HepG2 cell lines.

Behavioral Changes in Stem-Cell Potency by HepG2-Exhausted Medium