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Water supply is essential for maintaining normal physiological function during the rapid growth of bamboo. Aquaporins (AQPs) play crucial roles in water transport for plant growth and development. Although 26 PeAQP s in bamboo have been reported, the aquaporin-led mechanism of maintaining diurnal water balance in bamboo shoots remains unclear. In this study, a total of 63 PeAQP s were identified, based on the updated genome of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ), including 22 PePIP s, 20 PeTIP s, 17 PeNIP s, and 4 PeSIP s. All of the PeAQP s were differently expressed in 26 different tissues of moso bamboo, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The root pressure in shoots showed circadian rhythm changes, with positive values at night and negative values in the daytime. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) result showed that 25 PeAQP s were detected in the base part of the shoots, and most of them demonstrated diurnal rhythm changes. The expression levels of some PeAQP s were significantly correlated with the root pressure. Of the 86 sugar transport genes, 33 had positive co-expression relationships with 27 PeAQP s. Two root pressure-correlated PeAQP s, PeTIP4;1 and PeTIP4;2 , were confirmed to be highly expressed in the parenchyma and epidermal cells of bamboo culm, and in the epidermis, pith, and primary xylem of bamboo roots by in situ hybridization. The authors' findings provide new insights and a possible aquaporin-led mechanism for bamboo fast growth.

Whole-Genome and Expression Analyses of Bamboo Aquaporin Genes Reveal Their Functions Involved in Maintaining Diurnal Water Balance in Bamboo Shoots