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Iron-based catalysts are promising catalysts in the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process as they are inexpensive and environmentally friendly. However, most such iron-based catalysts show relatively low activity in coal conversion and oil yield. Common techniques for the synthesis of these catalysts with excellent catalytic performance remain a substantial challenge. We present a simple solid-state synthesis strategy for preparing CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on coal (CoFe2O4@coal) composites for DCL. The obtained bimetallic oxide CoFe2O4 nanoparticles show an enhanced catalytic performance in the DCL compared with monometallic components Fe2O3 and Co(OH)2 nanoparticles. The synergistic effect between Co and Fe of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles promotes the catalytic hydrogenation of coal during the DCL process. Moreover, the catalytic performance of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles is further improved when they are loaded on the coal. The conversion, oil yield, liquefaction degree, and gas yield of Dahuangshan lignite are 99.44, 56.01, 82.18 and 19.30 wt %, respectively, with the CoFe2O4@coal composites involved. The smaller particle size and high dispersion of CoFe2O4 supported on coal are of great benefit to full contact between coal and active components. The in-situ solid-state synthesis with coal as support shows great potential to prepare effective iron-based catalysts toward DCL in practice.

Room-Temperature Solid-State Preparation of CoFe2O4@Coal Composites and Their Catalytic Performance in Direct Coal Liquefaction