English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The central nervous system germ cell tumor (CNS GCT) is a rare and incompletely understood disease. A major outstanding question in the 2015 consensus document for CNS GCT management was the utility and interpretation of the tumor markers human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of malignant non-germinomatous GCTs (hereafter NGGCTs) prior to treatment. In the current study, we assembled two geographically and ethnically different clinical cohorts from the Mayo Clinic (1988–2017) and the intracranial GCT Genome Analysis Consortium (iGCT Consortium) in Japan to address this question. Patients with both histopathological diagnosis and tumor markers available were eligible for inclusion (n = 162). Biopsy and surgical resection were performed in 85 and 77 cases, respectively. Among 77 resections, 35 demonstrated positivity for HCG, AFP, or both (45%). Seventeen of the marker-positive cases had no malignant non-germinomatous component identified on histopathology, but they were composed strictly of germinoma, teratoma, or both (49%). One embryonal carcinoma was the only marker-negative NGGCT in the study sample. Among 85 biopsies, 18 were marker positive (21%). Seven of these patients had no malignant non-germinomatous component on histopathology, suggesting the potential limitations of limited tissue sample volumes. Neither histopathological diagnosis nor tumor markers alone reliably diagnose NGGCTs due to the secretion of HCG and AFP by germinomas and teratomas. Treatment planning should incorporate integrated histopathological and laboratory-based diagnosis to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies for this unusual and histologically heterogeneous tumor.

Roles of Tumor Markers in Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Revisited with Histopathology-Proven Cases in a Large International Cohort