English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Previous studies have shown that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers of breast cancer. An unanswered question is how urinary VOCs change over time as tumors progress. To explore this, BALB/c mice were injected with 4T1.2 triple negative murine tumor cells in the tibia. This typically causes tumor progression and osteolysis in 1-2 weeks. Samples were collected prior to tumor injection and from days 2-19. Samples were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Univariate analysis identified VOCs that were biomarkers for breast cancer; some of these varied significantly over time and others did not. Principal component analysis was used to distinguish Cancer (all Weeks) from Control and Cancer Week 1 from Cancer Week 3 with over 90% accuracy. Forward feature selection and linear discriminant analysis identified a unique panel that could identify tumor presence with 94% accuracy and distinguish progression (Cancer Week 1 from Cancer Week 3) with 97% accuracy. Principal component regression analysis also demonstrated that a VOC panel could predict number of days since tumor injection ( R  2 = 0.71 and adjusted R  2 = 0.63). VOC biomarkers identified by these analyses were associated with metabolic pathways relevant to breast cancer.

Tracking the Progression of Triple Negative Mammary Tumors over Time by Chemometric Analysis of Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds