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Knowledge of gene expression profiles reflecting functional features and specific responsiveness of parathyroid glands (PTGs) contributes to understanding mineral homeostasis and parathyroid function in healthy and diseased conditions. The study aims to reveal effector molecules driving the maintenance of phosphorus (P) homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) responsiveness to variable P supply throughout fetal and postnatal life. In this study, a long-term dietary intervention was performed by keeping pig offspring on distinct mineral P levels throughout fetal and postnatal life. Respective adaptation processes of P homeostasis were assessed in mRNA profiles of PTGs and serum minerals. RNA sequencing data and resulting molecular pathways of PTGs showed that the PTH abundance is very strictly controlled via e.g.,  PIN1 ,  CaSR ,  MAfB , PLC and PKA signaling to regulate PTH expression, stability, and secretion. Additionally, the observed dietary effects on collagen expression indicate shifts in the ratio between connective tissue and parenchyma, thereby affecting cell-cell contacts as another line of PTH regulation. Taken together, the mRNA profiles of porcine PTGs reflect physiological responses in-vivo following variable dietary P supplies during fetal and postnatal life. The results serve to evaluate a long-term nutrition strategy with implications for improving the mineral balance in individuals with pathological disorders.

mRNA Profiles of Porcine Parathyroid Glands Following Variable Phosphorus Supplies throughout Fetal and Postnatal Life