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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple, recurrent tics. The pharmacological treatment of TS is currently based on dopaminergic antagonists; however, these drugs are associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and other serious adverse events. Recent evidence suggests that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABA A receptors containing α6 subunits (α6 GABA A Rs) oppose the behavioral effects of dopamine. Building on this evidence, in the present study, we tested the efficacy of DK-I-56-1, a highly selective PAM for α6 GABA A Rs, in mouse models of TS exhibiting tic-related responses. DK-I-56-1 significantly reduced tic-like jerks and prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in D1CT-7 transgenic mice, a well-documented mouse model of TS. DK-I-56-1 also prevented the exacerbation of spontaneous eyeblink reflex induced by the potent dopamine D 1 receptor agonist SKF 82958, a proxy for tic-like responses. We also showed that both systemic and prefrontal cortical administration of DK-I-56-1 countered the PPI disruption caused by SKF 82958. Although the effects of DK-I-56-1 were akin to those elicited by dopaminergic antagonists, this drug did not elicit extrapyramidal effects, as measured by catalepsy. These results point to α6 GABA A R PAMs as promising TS therapies with a better safety profile than dopaminergic antagonists.

The α6 GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator DK-I-56-1 Reduces Tic-Related Behaviors in Mouse Models of Tourette Syndrome