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Simple Summary   TCP  transcription factors (TF) are indispensable for the normal functioning of plant growth and development. This study identified and performed phylogenetic analysis on 218  TCP  genes in four cotton species. We also observed conserved exon-intron structures and protein motif distribution patterns in  GhTCP  genes.  GhTCP62  was enriched in the axillary bud, indicating that it plays a role in branching.  GhTCP62  is a nuclear-localized TF, the overexpression of which decreases the number of cauline-leaf branches and rosette-leaf branches in  Arabidopsis . Additionally, the expression levels of  HB21  and  HB40  genes increased in plants with  GhTCP62  overexpression, demonstrating that  GhTCP62  could regulate branching by regulating  HB21  and  HB40 . Collectively, the  GhTCP62  TF located in the nucleus was highly enriched in the axillary buds, and  GhTCP62  overexpression lines demonstrated fewer rosette-leaf branches and cauline-leaf branches, indicating that  GhTCP62  regulates branching in  Arabidopsis .    Abstract  TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF  (TCP ) transcription factors play an essential role in regulating various physiological and biochemical functions during plant growth. However, the function of  TCP  transcription factors in  G. hirsutum  has not yet been studied. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and correlation analysis of the  TCP  transcription factor family in  G. hirsutum . We identified 72 non-redundant  GhTCP  genes and divided them into seven subfamilies, based on phylogenetic analysis. Most  GhTCP  genes in the same subfamily displayed similar exon and intron structures and featured highly conserved motif structures in their subfamily. Additionally, the pattern of chromosomal distribution demonstrated that  GhTCP  genes were unevenly distributed on 24 out of 26 chromosomes, and that fragment replication was the main replication event of  GhTCP  genes. In  TB1  sub-family genes,  GhTCP62  was highly expressed in the axillary buds, suggesting that  GhTCP62  significantly affected cotton branching. Additionally, subcellular localization results indicated that  GhTCP62  is located in the nucleus and possesses typical transcription factor characteristics. The overexpression of  GhTCP62  in  Arabidopsis  resulted in fewer rosette-leaf branches and cauline-leaf branches. Furthermore, the increased expression of  HB21  and  HB40  genes in  Arabidopsis  plants overexpressing  GhTCP62  suggests that  GhTCP62  may regulate branching by positively regulating  HB21  and  HB40 .

Systematic Characterization of TCP Gene Family in Four Cotton Species Revealed That GhTCP62 Regulates Branching in Arabidopsis