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Xinjiang is located in an arid and semi-arid climate region in China, but Xinjiang Ili river valley is more humid, with higher precipitation intensity and precipitation, which is closely related to the role of the Tianshan Mountains. In this paper, through the NCRP 1° × 1° reanalysis data and the conventional observation data of the Ili River Valley in Xinjiang, the terrain sensitivity experiment conducted by the WRF model is used to analyze the short-term extreme precipitation event of the Ili River Valley from 18–19 of May 2017, to reveal the influence of Tianshan Mountains on the extreme precipitation event of the Ili River Valley. The results show that: (1) The reduction or removal of the terrain will cause a wide range of wind field changes, weaken the vertical upward movement of the windward slope, and the accumulation of water vapor before the windward slope will also be reduced; a large-scale change of the terrain will also affect the direction of water vapor transportation. These effects together lead to a decrease or increase in regional precipitation. (2) “Fuzzy” (smooth) terrain will affect the precipitation simulated by changing the local vertical movement and water vapor transport, which shows that the WRF model’s accurate description of the terrain structure characteristics of mountainous areas is beneficial to accurately simulate the precipitation process on the windward slope area.

Simulations in the Topography Effects of Tianshan Mountains on an Extreme Precipitation Event in the Ili River Valley, China